FOREX TRADING

U.S. Review

Economic Recovery Continues, but is it Enough?

• Economic indicators this week suggested continued economic growth. Factory orders, the Institute for Supply Management manufacturing index and employment all suggest continued progress.
• Yet the pace of the recovery still presents several fundamental challenges. First, construction spending is disappointing and for a society that has put so much emphasis on housing, there is a disconnect between aspirations and reality. Second, the pace of growth will not likely solve the budget shortfalls in many states or at the national level.

Economic Recovery Continues, but is it Enough?

Three important economic indicators this week suggested continued economic growth. Factory orders, the Institute for Supply Management Index and employment all suggested continued progress on the economic front. Factory orders increased 0.6 percent in February and the gain reported for January was revised higher. Factory orders have gained in 10 of the past 11 months and are now more than a third of the way back to where they were at their peak in July 2008. Specifically, new orders for non-defense capital goods ex-aircraft are up nine percent (annualized) over the last three months, consistent with our expectations for 8 percent or more gains in real equipment & software spending for this year.

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Weekly Economic and Financial Commentary

U.S. Review

Public Policy Grabs Center Stage

• Public policy dominated this week, with the passage of healthcare reform and confirmation the social security system would run into deficit this year contributing to disappointing Treasury auctions and higher bond yields.
• Advance orders for durable goods rose in line with expectations, but a large downward revision to January’s nondefense capital goods orders raises a red flag as to how strong capital spending will be in the first quarter.
• Sales of new and existing homes both declined in February, raising fears the incipient recovery in housing has faltered.

Strange Days in the Credit Markets

The bond market is the ultimate truth detector and its verdict on healthcare reform is the new law will be more costly than the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimated and budget deficits will be larger. The bond market was already on edge from the ongoing Greek debt saga and reports that Berkshire Hathaway and a handful of other businesses can now borrow more cheaply than the U.S. Treasury. The CBO confirmed the Social Security system would pay out more in benefits this year than it receives in taxes, something that was not supposed to occur until 2016. The Social Security shortfall means the Treasury will need to redeem the “special issue notes” issued to the Social Security trust fund, which will require the Treasury to sell real bonds, which has become more challenging in recent weeks.

The last few years have seen Treasury yields rise during the spring, triggering a whole new set of challenges. History looks like it will repeat itself this year, with the end of the Fed’s mortgage-backed securities purchases next week adding to the upward drift in yields. The supply of bonds coming to market will remain a challenge, with additional money needed to pay Social Security benefits and recapitalize Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Sovereign credit risk and worries about growing supply also extend to municipalities, which saw yields climb sharply recently.

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The Week Ahead

Highlights

• Greek denouement looms
• RBI hikes, more coming from others
• SNB pulls the rug out from under EUR/CHF
• March 24 UK budget will be critical in pre-election positioning
• CAD–To parity and beyond
• Key data and events to watch next week

Greek denouement looms

FX markets continue to fluctuate broadly in recent ranges, turning with every twist in the ongoing Greek drama. Risk saw higher in the beginning of the past week as EU leaders appeared to be in agreement on a plan to provide an aid package to Greece. Then the German government indicated it could not legally support such a plan and that Greece should seek aid from the IMF, sending EUR/USD and most other risk assets lower into the end of the week. Then on Friday, EU Commission President Barroso confused matters further by advocating a standby financial aid mechanism of coordinated bilateral loans from Euro-area countries. The immediate Greek drama may be entering the final act, though, as next week’s EU summit is likely to see a definitive resolution one way or the other. If European leaders fail to reach an agreement, it will look very bad for Euro-area cohesion, exposing the fiscal vulnerabilities of other members now seen to be on their own, and likely see the Euro suffer as a result.

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Overbought Test Of Resolve

Gbp/Usd moved 100 pips higher during the European session after reports from the U.K. labor market hit the newswires that were better than expected. The minutes from the recent Bank of England rate meeting revealed that nothing much had changed from the previous month, and that CPI and inflation reads were as much to do with a weaker pound than instigated by internal growth.

The MPC minutes suggest that interest rate increases are just as far away in the U.K. as any other major region, with the exception of Australia. This news had a positive effect on the major currencies, but the pound is the only pair to make a substantial breakout. (more…)

U.S. Review

Upbeat, Downbeat or Simply No Rhythm

• Economic news continues to come in mixed, with positive reports on retail sales and the trade deficit being offset by disappointing reports on small business optimism and unemployment claims.
• Revised employment data for states show larger job losses during the recession and cast some doubt on January’s drop in the national unemployment rate.
• Stronger retail sales and declines in imports led to surprising drops in inventories at retailer and wholesalers in January. Inventories rose slightly at manufacturers, however.

Still on Pace for a Modest Economic Recovery

February’s retail sales report was easily the best economic news released this week. Overall sales rose 0.3 percent during February, with strong gains reported across nearly every major category. Sales excluding gasoline, building material and automotive dealers, which is a category that tends to track the personal consumption data, rose 0.9 percent in February, following a 0.6 percent gain in January. The strong back-to-back gains suggest consumer spending will rise at a 2.2 percent pace or better during the first quarter, which is in line with our forecast, published earlier this week.

One complicating factor in the retail sales figures is that retailers have done a really good job at bringing inventories in line with sales and are discounting much less than they did in prior years. As a result, the better numbers reported for January and February may not reflect as much volume as they first appear. The lack of discounting is also apparent in the Consumer Price Index, which has shown larger price gains for core good prices. Prices for core goods are currently up 2.9 percent over the past year, which is their largest gain since the early 1990s.

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Weekly Economic and Financial Commentary

U.S. Review

Making Progress on the Road to Recovery

• December’s employment report was generally disappointing, with a larger than expected 85,000-job decline in nonfarm payrolls and huge declines in household employment and the civilian labor force.
• Most major chain stores reported better-than-expected results for December.
• Manufacturing activity improved toward the end of 2009, with factory orders rising solidly and the ISM manufacturing survey ending the year at 55.9.

Employment Gains Are Not There Yet

December’s employment report was somewhat of a disappointment. Many were expecting a small increase in employment to be reported for December, even though the consensus was calling for a small decline. Our own forecast called for a larger than consensus drop and we had repeatedly noted that the optimism so many were showing was premature. The actual data proved to be weaker than our forecast, with nonfarm payrolls declining by 85,000 in December and the household survey showing substantial drops in both employment and the labor force.

Revisions to the previously published data produced a slight increase in employment during November. The 4,000 job increase was the first since the recession began back in December 2007. Any celebration about November’s increase was tempered by downward revisions to the October data. On net, the employment data were revised down for the two previous months by 1,000 jobs. Moreover, benchmark revisions will be made to the employment data next month dating back March 2008. The BLS has reported the revision would be around 0.6 percent, which would result in an additional 830,000 job losses over the past two years.

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Weekly Market Wrap

Trading volumes and data were light this week as markets wound down ahead of the holidays. In the US, the November housing starts and building permits data bounced back from the softness seen in October. The FOMC kept interest rates on hold and slightly sweetened its economic outlook, although this positive note was somewhat offset by the second consecutive increase in weekly jobless claims. The dollar gained steadily for a second week against the euro and the yen as sovereign debt issues continued to roil the Euro Zone, while gold hit a one month low below $1,100 on Thursday. The Senate Banking Committee voted to move the nomination of Fed Chairman Bernanke to a full Senate vote, but not without another round of Bernanke bashing from the usual quarters (even after Time named Bernanke the Man of the Year). In the background, there were dark rumblings: PIMCO’s Bill Gross raised his cash holdings to the highest level since the failure of Lehman in Sept 2008, while BoA/Merrill Lynch analysts discussed the possibility of a “Valentine’s day massacre” market correction in Q1 that could stem from the end of the Treasury’s MBS buying program or other factors, and Meredith Whitney took another swipe at banks, cutting her 2009-2011 EPS targets on JP Morgan, Goldman and Morgan Stanley. US equity markets closed the week out on high volume due to quadruple witching and the quarterly Q&P rebalancing. Equity indices ended mixed for the week, with the DJIA down 1.3%, the Nasdaq rising 1%, and the S&P 500 slipping 0.4%.

Little was expected from the FOMC this week, although ahead of the decision an FT article prompted speculation that, in a nod to the ECB, the Fed might choose to distinguish between liquidity and monetary policy, specifically by raising the discount rate from the existing 0.50% level and simultaneously keeping the Fed Funds target rate steady at 0-0.25%. The discount rate hike never came to fruition, but the FOMC did alter its policy statement to remind markets that most of its special liquidity facilities are scheduled to wind down in Q1 2010. As expected, the Fed funds rate was kept unchanged and the commitment to keeping rates on hold for an “extended period” was reaffirmed, with the economic outlook paragraph slightly more optimistic.

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USD Mixed, JPY Lower, BOJ Won’t Tolerate Deflation

• USD: Mixed, overseas loses pared by news of Iran/Iraq tension
• JPY: Lower, BOJ won’t tolerate deflation, five-year bond yields hit a four-year low
• EUR: Mixed, German IFO hits 17 month high, trade balance swung to surplus, EUR/CHF declines
• GBP: Higher, mortgage approvals rise, BOE says banking system more stable, PSNCR at record high
• CAD and AUD: AUD & CAD higher, Australia’s business sales rise, Carney says low rate pledge conditional

Overview

USD drifted lower Friday pressured by a slight uptick in risk appetite as US equity markets edged higher. The EUR was supported by report that the German IFO business sentiment hit its highest level in 17 months and the EU trade deficit swung to surplus in October. GBP edged higher in reaction to report that UK mortgage approvals rose for the third month in a row and the BOE says that the UK banking system is more stable. Commodity currencies traded higher supported by improving risk sentiment and rising crude prices. AUD was supported by report of improvement in Australian business sales. CAD traded higher in reaction to a statement from the BOE’s Carney that the BOC has the flexibility to shorten the time frame for its commitment to keep rates low until mid 2010. Carney appeared to be reacting to Wednesday’s report of higher than expected Canadian CPI. JPY traded lower in reaction to a pledge from the BOJ that the central bank would not tolerate deflation. This pledge encourages speculation that the BOJ may ease monetary policy early next year. USD downside was limited by report of tensions between Iran and Iraq as Iraqi troops were reported to have crossed over the border into Iran and temporarily occupied one of Iraq’s oil fields. The Iraqi deputy minister denied the report. EUR/CHF dropped below 1.50 with CHF supported by rumors of a coup in Pakistan. The drop in EUR/CHF may encourage the SNB to intervene as the SNB has defended the 1.5100 level in the past. The Pakistan government denied the coup rumor.

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