FOREX TRADING

Having risen nearly 30% against the US Dollar since March, the New Zealand Dollar (NZD or Kiwi) is now close to a 9 1/2 month high. While still far from the record highs of 2008, the currency is already erased a large portion of the losses it racked up since the credit crisis gave way to economic recession.

As part of last Friday’s coverage of the Japanese Yen, we included a chart which compared the performance of the AUD/JPY cross to the S&P 500. Even without calculating the correlation coefficient, a cursory review of the chart revealed an uncanny relationship! Unsurprisingly, it turns out the same relationship also applies to the New Zealand Dollar, whose recent performance closely mirrors US equities.

In other words, the interplay between risk appetite and risk aversion continues to dominate the forex markets, as traders move to calibrate the split of funds between so-called safe haven currencies and the riskier alternatives, among which the New Zealand Dollar is certainly counted. Much of the rally in the Kiwi, then, represents a correction, as investors acknowledge that the near 50% slide from-peak-to-trough was an overreaction.

Going forward, however, the Kiwi will have to rest on its own feet, as new themes move to the fore of investors’ minds. Specifically, they will begin to look more closely at the New Zealand economy, and demand evidence of a recovery. “Reserve Bank of New Zealand Governor Alan Bollard told a business audience the world has ‘avoided a repeat of the Great Depression. Now, we and the world, appear to be on our way to recovery. New Zealand looks likely to start recovering ahead of the pack.’ ”

At the same time, the most recent economic data showed an economy in freefall, as “New Zealand’s economy shrank for a fifth straight quarter…The economy contracted 2.7 per cent in the January-March quarter.” While forecasts vary, GDP is expected to fall by at least 2.1% in 2009, with a modest pickup expected in 2010. Investors are betting that the recovery will be driven by rising demand for commodities, which will help to buoy New Zealand exports. Once again, this conflicts with the data, which shows an annualized trade deficit of $3 Billion. Despite a fall in imports, the country is still importing more than its exporting. This could be a product of the stronger currency, which all stakeholders agree is not conducive to economic growth. In the end, the economy’s best chance for recovery lies in a resumption of debt-induced consumption and residential construction, the very forces which caused the current downturn. Says Mr. Bollard, “Reliance on past experience of strong house price inflation and easy credit will be untenable.”

Given the uncertain prospects for growth, combined with moderating price inflation, the RBNZ can be expected to hold interest rates at current levels for the near-term. “Bollard will leave the benchmark interest rate unchanged at a record low 2.5 percent on July 30, according to all 10 economists surveyed by Bloomberg.” Based on swap rates, the markets feel similarly, and are pricing a mere 25 basis point hike over the next twelve months. With such a dubious prognosis, one has to wonder whether the Kiwi’s rally is really sustainable.

This pattern shows two converging trendlines (support levels & resistance levels) and is (1) a bearisch formation that usually forms during a currency pair downtrend as a continuation pattern (downtrend will continue) or (2) a bullish formation that usually forms during a currency pair uptrend as a continuation pattern. (uptrend will continue)

This pattern is confirmed when the currency pair price breaks out of the symmetrical triangle formation (1) to the downside and closes below the lower support trendline in order to continue the downtrend or (2) to the upside and closes above the upper resistance trendline in order to continue the uptrend.

What does a Symmetrical Triangle Formation look like?

The symmetrical triangle is marked by two important trend lines. At its top, there is a line of resistance where traders are willing to sell the currency pair. This resistance line communicates the fact that bearish currency traders are over time willing to pay lower and lower prices for the currency pair indicating a possible break out to the downside.

At it’s bottom, the support line communicates the fact that bullish currency traders are over time willing to pay higher and higher prices for the currency pair indicating a possible break out to the upside.

How to trade this pattern?

For it’s best prediction, an established trend should exist, either a strong down or a strong uptrend. Once the currency pair breaks out the symmetrical triangle, most likely, the price will continue it’s previous trend.

Trade the breakout!

Chart example

Please note how the previous trend is an uptrend, once it breaks out the symmetrical triangle, it’s uptrend continue!

The rally in global stock markets has led to a sell-off of the safe haven currencies and pushed investors to higher riskier assets as many see the global recession coming to an end. The encouraging global economic data has also been helping push Crude Oil to the $69 price level.

USD – USD Depreciates, Consumer Confidence Growing

The steady improvement to risk appetite over the previous week has helped push the EUR/USD above 1.4200 at the start of this week’s trading. While the greenback has been trading relatively flat versus the other major currencies, it is nonetheless accelerating towards intense volatility at the start of this week. The rally in global stock markets has helped convince investors to pull away from the safety of the dollar in exchange for riskier assets. In the forex market, this means a diversification towards the EUR, CAD and even AUD.

A sudden surge in the Asian stock markets at the end of last week has helped reduce demand for safe-havens like the USD and JPY, but their attraction has remained steady enough to prevent vast drops in value. Confidence may be climbing the world over, but investors may not yet be brave enough to jump whole heartedly back into riskier investments. A demand for safe-havens remains despite the boost in optimism.

Looking ahead this week, we’ll complete another part of the picture for the US housing market with the New Home Sales report expected later today at 14:00 GMT. A more intricate look into American optimism will be delivered on Tuesday with the CB Consumer Confidence report, and week’s end will provide traders with a look into the first portion of this year’s second quarter GDP, which tends to have the most impact of the 3 reports released on this figure. These reports will no doubt put the USD at center-stage for the duration of the trading week and investors would be unwise to skip over this week’s news events surrounding the US economy.

EUR – EUR Strengthens as GBP Sinks; Risk Appetite Climbing

The spectacular results from last week’s PMI and German Ifo Business Climate report helped push the EUR higher against most of its currency pairs. However, the British Pound suffered heavy losses at the end of last week’s trading due to worse-than-forecasted GDP results. Climbing back above the 1.42 level against the USD, and even spiking upwards of 0.8650 against the Pound Sterling, the EUR’s gains were unmatched last week.

Precisely opposed to the value of the EUR, as pertaining to risk appetite, the Euro-Zone currency indeed strengthened due to the perception that its regional economy is stabilizing. This belief has helped stoke the notion that recovery is on the way by the end of this year. The subsequent return to riskier assets helps devalue safe-havens such as the Dollar, while pushing more diverse currencies, such as the EUR, higher against the other currencies.

No doubt the devaluation of the Pound also led to a boost in the value of the EUR by the sheer weight of regional competition. As the wave of risk appetite took hold last week, the GBP may not have offered investors the necessary level of security, which also helped boost the gains made by the EUR.

While economic releases from the Euro-Zone led the market last week, and also helped revive demand for the EUR, this week’s trading will see no such thing. The EUR is surprisingly absent from this week’s calendar as the US economy takes the wheel. If US data can encourage the recent return to risk appetite, then the EUR’s rally may continue this week.

JPY – JPY Anticipating European Market Opening

The recent rise in risk appetite has helped the mild return of the Yen-denominated carry trade. With the JPY climbing modestly against most pairs, the gains seem to be muted as investors weigh the JPY as a safe-haven or carry-trade, and the balancing act has led to a series of consolidation trends in the JPY crosses.

It appears the Japanese Yen has leveled-off versus almost all of the major currencies in anticipation of a rather large impending movement. If the rally in Asian stocks continues from last week, investors may see the JPY lose value as the carry-trade returns with full force. For the time being, it appears as if traders the opening of the European markets to weigh in on positions placed at the end of last week. If expectations are correct, forex market participants could see a sharp drop in the value of the Yen in today’s early trading hours.

Crude Oil – Oil Reaching $70 as Market Optimism Surges

As the US Dollar has declined over the last few trading days, the value of a barrel of Crude Oil has been appreciating. The steady climb back towards $70 a barrel has helped boost the GDP of many oil-producing Arab countries. The downside is the ever-present and growing connection between Middle Eastern economic growth and fluctuations in the price of oil, which has wrought havoc on these countries over the past few months despite efforts to diversify investment and industry.

Market optimism has helped return many investors away from the USD and into riskier assets. This helps boost the demand for commodities as a method of portfolio diversification. While the current price range of Crude Oil may not be justified by recent supply and demand levels, it nevertheless reflects the value derived by speculation of future growth. The surge in market optimism helps bring about the purchase of Crude Oil as investors anticipate industry growth world-wide. If this week’s news events continue to boost this optimism, Crude Oil may easily climb above $70 in the days ahead.

Article Source – Dollar Falls as Investors Turn to Riskier Assets

The US Dollar avoided a breakdown in overnight trading despite sharp gains across Asian stock exchanges as the market continued to look ahead to this week’s record-setting $115 billion US Treasury bond auction that promises to boost long-term interest rates and spur demand for the greenback. Germany’s GfK Consumer Confidence report is on tap in European hours.

Key Overnight Developments

• Bernanke Defends Fed’s Independence, Supports “Strong Dollar Policy”
• Buyers Returning to UK Housing Market, Reveals Hometrack Survey
• US Dollar Avoids Breakdown Despite Stock Rally, Bond Auction Looms Ahead

Critical Levels

The Euro and the British Pound traded near familiar levels against the US Dollar despite a sharp rally across Asian stock exchanges that would have been expected to weigh on the safety-linked greenback. The MSCI Asia Pacific added over 1% overnight, putting in 10 consecutive days of gains for the first time since 2004. We noted last week that the majors were showing signs of diverging from risk trends following the US Treasury’s announcement of a record-setting $115 billion bond auction that stands to boost long-term interest rates and spur US Dollar demand.

Asia Session Highlights

US Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke defended the central bank’s independence at the taping of a “town hall”-style meeting for PBS, saying the Fed is already “very accountable” to Congress and stressing that citizens don’t want Congress running monetary policy. On the economy, Bernanke said that credit markets are still “very constrained” and warned that employment won’t recover for “a while”, forecasting that the jobless rate will likely exceed 10%. Regardless, the Fed chief said he has “tremendous confidence” in the US economy, saying output will be “growing strong” within a few years. Answering critics that have argued policymakers’ actions would stoke future inflation, Bernanke said the Fed does not want to “over-stimulate” the economy and is “very confident” it has the tools to unwind the emergency liquidity-boosting measures put in place amid the financial crisis. Bernanke added that it was too early to judge the impact of the government’s stimulus plan, but stressed that Congress needs to come up with a plan to restore fiscal balance by trimming the burgeoning budget deficit. Commenting on currencies, Bernanke echoed the Treasury’s mantra of support for a “strong Dollar policy” and said a stronger US economy will bolster the greenback.

In the UK, the Hometrack Housing Survey revealed that real estate prices fell -7.7% in the year to July, the slowest pace of decline since October 2008. Details of the report revealed that property sellers were able to secure 91.5% of their initial asking price in the final transaction, marking the eighth consecutive month that their bargaining power has improved; meanwhile, the average time a property spent on the market before being sold fell to 9 weeks, the lowest in over a year. On balance, the survey reinforces reports of a rebound in buying interest that has been noted in other recent data. That said, rising unemployment may prove to be a barrier to a near-term rebound in real estate prices: the jobless rate is expected to top approach a whopping 9% by the end of this year, trimming incomes and hindering Britons’ ability to pay their mortgages. This is likely to boost repossessions, flooding the market with fresh supply and sending property values downward.

Euro Session: What to Expect

Germany’s GfK Consumer Confidence gauge is expected to stall at 2.9 in August after rising for two consecutive months in June and July. Last month, the market research firm commented that, “Reports that the inflation rate stood at zero percent in May are having a positive effect on income expectations and the propensity to buy.” Although falling prices stand to boost spending in the short term, entrenching expectations of deflation will work against consumption, encouraging people to wait for the best possible bargain and perpetually put off purchases. Clearly, this threatens firms’ revenues and darkens the outlook for employment, which in turn can reasonably be expected to put the brakes on any rebound in consumer sentiment. Most worryingly, the onset of deflation may already be at hand, with Germany’s Consumer Price Index set to show later this week that the annual pace of inflation turned negative for the first time in 23 years.

Written by Ilya Spivak, Currency Analyst
Article Source – US Dollar Avoids Breakdown Despite Stock Rally, Bond Auction Looms Ahead (Euro Open)

The Chaikin Money Flow (CMF) indicator was developed by Marc Chaikin to create an oscillating indicator for his earlier, cumulative indicator Accumulation/Distribution. Both indicators measure the degree to which money is flowing into or out of a security or currency. Chaikin created these indicators to expand and improve on an earlier volume indicator, On Balance Volume.
On Balance Volume (OBV) compares a currency pair’s closing price with its previous day’s close and either adds or subtracts the volume to a cumulative total, if the pair is up or down respectively. Accumulation/Distribution (A/D) altered the parameters of OBV by using the mean price, the midpoint between the periods high and low, to decide whether volume for that period was being accumulated (bought) or distributed (sold). After categorizing the period either as accumulation or distribution A/D then adds or subtracts volume based on the degree to which the pair closed above or below its open. The main difference between Chaikin’s two volume indicators is that Accumulation/Distribution is a cumulative running total while Chaikin Money Flow oscillates around a zero line.

Function
Chaikin Money Flow says:
• If a currency pair closes in the upper half of its trading range on a particular day and volume is strong, the pair is being accumulated.
• If thepair closes in the lower half of its range on strong volume, the pair is being distributed.
The values of CMF can also be used to indicate buying and selling pressure:
• Values that bounce between 0.1 and -0.1 and otherwise hang around the zero line are not strong enough to offer a bullish or bearish signal.
• Values above 0.1 and below -0.1 are indicative of buying and selling pressure respectively.
• Values above 0.25 and below -0.25 are indicative of strong buying and selling.
As with other indicators, Chaikin suggested looking for a divergence between the pricing action and the oscillator.
• If a currency pair trends up while the CMF rolls over and heads down, the currency pair will very likely top out soon after.
• On the other hand, if a currency pair trends down while the CMF bottoms out and begins to move up, the pair will very likely follow.

The trendline. A trendline is a main initial element for the price chart analysis. While the market moves in any direction not along a straight line but along a zigzag, the mutual placement of upper and bottom points of those zigzags permits to plot a line connecting the significant highs (peaks) or the significant lows (troughs) of an appropriate zigzag using technical tools of the computer program.

To draw a trendline only two points are necessary and the third one is the contact point confirmation. On a bullish trend chart it should be drawn using troughs, on a bearish  using peaks. The trendline and a line which is about parallel to it and drawn on the opposite side (through peaks on a bullish trend and through troughs on a bearish) form the trade channel. Both lines are then channel’s borders.

Lines of support and resistance. The upper and the bottom borders of trade channels are called accordingly support and resistance lines. The peaks represent the price levels at which the selling pressure exceeds the buying pressure. They are known as resistance levels. The troughs, on the other hand, represent the levels at which the selling pressure succumbs to the buying pressure. They are called support levels. In an uptrend, the consecutive support and resistance levels must exceed each other respectively. The reverse is true in a downtrend. Although minor exceptions are acceptable, these failures should be considered as warning signals for trend changing.

The significance of trends is a function of time and volume. The longer the prices bounce off the support and resistance levels, the more significant the trend becomes. Trading volume is also very important, especially at the critical support and resistance levels. When the currency bounces off these levels under heavy volume, the significance of the trend increases.

The importance of support and resistance levels goes beyond their original functions. If these levels are convincingly penetrated, they tend to turn into just the opposite. A firm support level, once it is penetrated on heavy volume, will likely turn into a strong resistance level. Conversely, a strong resistance turns into a firm support after being penetrated. In general, to evaluate the reliability (that is the possibility of a break) of the trade channel borders taking a decision to close or to save an existing position one should govern himself with following rules:

1. A channel is the more reliable the longer it exists. Hence, the solidity of very old channels (e.g. existing more than 1 year) decreased sharply.
2. A channel is the more reliable the more is his width.
3. The resistance may be broken if it is bounced on the background of a growing volume.
4. A steep channel is less reliable in compare to a gentle one.
5. The support may be broken independent on the volume.

US Dollar on the Brink of a Trend Defining Plunge Ahead of 2Q GDP

Fundamental Outlook for US Dollar: Bearish

- Fundamentals support a recovery in US and global growth, but how does risk appetite factor in?
- Bernanke sees signs of stabilization, calls focus on the deficit
- Do technicals call for a dollar collapse or recovery?

It was a tenuous week; but the dollar was able to ultimately hold its own through the close. However, just because momentum behind the earnings-driven rally in risk appetite has stalled does not mean that the world’s most liquid currency has avoided a collapse all together. Sentiment winds have died down; but they can easily jostle the safe-haven dollar should another economic catalyst surface. This makes for an uncertain future when combined with the fundamental influence that the 2Q GDP report will have on the currency. Now, not only do traders have to interpret the data, they will also have to judge whether it has a greater impact on risk appetite or growth considerations for the beleaguered dollar.

Looking ahead to next week, the most immediate threat to the greenback’s stability is the intensity and direction of risk appetite. While this currency is deeply mired in speculation surrounding the economy’s leading or lagging growth potential, interest rate expectations, and deficit projections among other influences; risk appetite has proven itself to be insuperable. With the Federal Reserve vowing to keep the benchmark lending rate at levels that insure a carry status when conditions do turn around and politicians ensuring the economy will struggle with record levels of debt for years to come, there seems little doubt that the dollar will maintain its position on the opposite of risk appetite. But, considering the stalled progress most of the dollar and yen crosses saw last week; is there a strong shift in sentiment in the works? With EURUSD and GBPUSD just off of key levels of resistance, the pressure is growing. However, the primary source of momentum this past week – the second quarter earnings season – is already on the decline. If left up to the markets alone, equities have already forged new highs for the year; but commodities, fixed income and risk-sensitive currency pairs have not pushed to comparable levels. Oddly enough, one of the most likely catalysts for risk going forward also happens to be the most attention grabbing indicator on the US docket: GDP.

According to economists forecasts, the world’s largest economy contracted at a 1.5 percent on an annualized pace through the second quarter. This would be a marked improvement from the 5.5 percent and 6.3 percent rate of the recession through the first quarter of 2009 and fourth quarter 2008 respectively. This would certainly confirm policy officials expectations for a return to positive growth by the end of this year or beginning of the next; but through the near-term it is still a call for speculation to rank the economy’s performance against that of its major counterparts. China recently reported a sharp advance to a 7.9 percent pace of expansion while the UK printed a record 5.6 percent contraction. And, then there are still those economies that have yet to report their numbers. Japan suffered a record-breaking 14.2 percent slump through the first quarter, but is expected to snap back according to BoJ and Cabinet officials. The Euro Zone awaits it August 13th release, but the Bundesbank has already stated Germany saw only a ‘slight contraction’ through the second quarter. This will increasingly become a consideration of nuance.

The other facet of the US 2Q GDP release is that it will be accepted as a gauge of global growth. This further complicates the issue. Should the reading be good, the influence on risk appetite could outweigh the implications for US returns and actually drag the dollar down; and vice versa. Another important consideration is the timing of this release. Due Friday, speculators may decide to move the dollar before the data crosses the wires. If this is the case, the GDP report could factor into long-term projections but not short-term volatility.

Euro Threatened with Mounting Deflation Risk, US Bond Auction

Fundamental Forecast for Euro: Bearish

- German Producer Prices Fall Most in Over Two Decades
- Euro Zone, German PMI Results Top Expectations, Stay in Below 50
- Sentiment Points to Continued Euro Gains Against the US Dollar

The Euro looks vulnerable in the week ahead as headline inflation figures point to the increasing likelihood of deflation while a the US Treasury holds a record-setting bond auction that stands to boost the Dollar at the expense of the single currency. Germany’s Consumer Price Index is set to show the annual pace of inflation turned negative for the first time in 23 years in July after holding at a standstill in the previous two months. The broader Euro Zone measure of consumer prices has already turned negative, shedding -0.1% in June and likely to slip another -0.4% in July. If expectations of falling prices become entrenched, the currency bloc could be facing a long-term period of stagnation as consumers and businesses are encouraged to wait for the best possible bargain and perpetually delay spending and investment.

For their part, the European Central Bank has seemingly struggled to formulate an effective policy response to the deflationary threat thus far. Jean-Claude Trichet and company have focused on banks as the vehicle through which to make money cheaper and put a floor under falling prices, promising unlimited lending to the region’s financial institutions including an unprecedented 442 billion euro in 12-month bank loans. The ECB will also implement a 60 billion bond-buying scheme. To the central bank’s credit, borrowing costs have indeed moved lower: although the ECB publicly maintains target interest rates at 1%, it has allowed the average cost of overnight lending (referred to as EONIA) to drift far below that. Indeed, borrowing in Euros has been consistently cheaper than doing so in British Pounds since late June, even though the Bank of England’s stated interest rates are substantially lower at 0.5%. However, the lower cost of credit between banks has not translated into lending, and so has offered little stimulus to the overall economy. Indeed, loans to Euro Zone businesses and households grew just 1.8% in May, the lowest since records began in 1991. Banks may be choosing to hang on to cash as a buffer against $1.1 trillion in as yet unrealized losses linked to the subprime mess, according to the IMF, as well as the fallout from looming defaults and/or devaluations among the EU’s newly-minted central European members. In any case, the door is open for traders to punish the Euro as the ECB’s inability to ensure that looser monetary conditions translate beyond the interbank market make deflation all but certain.

An unprecedented bond auction in the United States may also weigh on the single currency. The US Treasury’s announced last week that it will sell a record $115 billion in bonds next week in a bid to help finance the rapidly growing public deficit, pushing 10-year notes to register the largest daily loss in nearly seven weeks and sending yields to the highest level in a month. We have argued for some time that the US Dollar will benefit as the government floods the market with new debt: Treasury prices will head sharply lower, putting tremendous upward pressure on the long-term interest rates. This will make USD-denominated assets attractive to yield-seeking investors, driving demand for the greenback. Because the Euro is the second-most traded currency after the greenback, it often serves as the de-facto anti-Dollar, with short term studies showing a hefty -85.8% correlation between average indexes of the two units’ values. This means that any meaningful turn in sentiment in favor of the US Dollar will weigh heavily on the Euro, not just in the pairing against the greenback but across the board.

Japanese Yen Looks for the Next Engine for Risk Appetite

Fundamental Forecast for Japanese Yen: Neutral

- Earnings season draws to a close; but where does that leave risk appetite?
- Japan’s trade balance improves as both imports and exports plunge
- Yen crosses don’t offer a clear cut technical outlook

Direction from the Japanese yen is often the product of risk appetite; and the fundamental outlook for next week doesn’t suggest this essential correlation will break any time soon. However, this connection may actually complicate the future for speculators rather than make it more straightforward. The primary source of what has essentially been a market-wide advance in risk appetite these past two weeks seems to have petered out. Earnings releases are in decline and there are very few individual releases on the docket that can initiate a global shift in sentiment on its own. Among other potential catalysts – like growth speculation – there are many contingencies and shades of gray that could make the yen a very difficult currency to trade going forward.

First and foremost, the market will have to reconcile its predilection for earnings data. Ever since Goldman Sachs reported record profits through the second quarter (a strong sign considering it is a financial firm, struggling with a global recession and it had just repaid a rescue loan from the US government), market participants have been putting their sidelined funds back into the capital markets to make a competitive return. However, through the end of this past week, we have seen upside surprises diminish and the notoriety of those companies names attached to the earnings reports recede. Looking back on the week four Fed ‘Stress Tested’ banks report losses and many more blue chips missed forecasts. Looking ahead, there are very few major reports due; but more importantly, there are far fewer days when a group of notable earnings releases will be reported at the same time (and therefore can generate enough influence to catalyze risk appetite. One of the last opportunities for a earnings related swell is on Thursday when ExxonMobile, MetLife, Walt Disney, Dow Chemical, Travelers and Colgate are scheduled to release.

If we are to see the market move away from earnings, where should we expected the market’s drive to come from? Sentiment can be a catalyst of its own. Left to their own devices, speculators are capable of reviving and breaking major trends. Equities across the world were able to capitalize the rise in optimism over the past two weeks and record new highs for the year. If the market decides that this has turned the tides for yields and investment flows, the rest of the markets may look to play catch up and in turn leverage risk appetite in the process. There may also some fundamental factors choosing a rise or fall in sentiment. There are many growth-related indicators on the docket to feed the outlook for the world’s recovery; but it is Friday’s US GDP figure that will truly establish the progress of the global economy. The consensus calls for a significant moderation of the nation’s contraction. However, whether we receive a positive or negative surprise (or no surprise at all), that is a long time to wait when market conditions seem to require an immediate resolution.

British Pound May Find Support On Improving Housing Market

Fundamental Outlook for British Pound: Neutral

- U.K. GDP contracted by 5.6% annually, which was the most since records began in 1955
- U.K. Retail Sales rose more than expected by 1.2%, Led by a 4.7% increase in textiles
- BoE voted 9-0 to keep rates and QE measures unchanged

The British pound ended a week of choppy price action heading lower as the 2Q GDP preliminary reading showed a deeper than expected contraction of 0.8% against expectations of 0.3%. Economic growth on the year dropped by a 5.6% which was the most since record keeping began in 1955. The growth figures raise concerns that the BoE would need to add to their quantitative easing efforts in order to ensure an economic recovery. The release of the MPC’s minutes from the July meeting showed that after considering additional measures the committee unanimously voted to stand pat but would review their alternatives again in August when they release their quarterly inflation report. A 1.2% increase in retail sales spurred hope that domestic consumption would start to improve as non-food sales rose 1.6% pointing to an increase in discretionary spending. However, elevated unemployment levels and the service sector declining by 1.0% in the second quarter will make future growth challenging.

Although the drop in growth is alarming, the improving outlook for the global economy which was evident in the massive rally in equities during the week could keep the MPC on hold. Bank of England Deputy Governor Charles Bean said this week that the economy may have stopped shrinking which could signal the potential for an improvement in the central bank’s growth estimates when they release their latest report on August 12. The growth numbers and the corresponding inflation outlook will determine the future course of action.

The economic calendar this week will give us further insight into the U.K. housing market and prevailing credit conditions. The Nationwide Building Society is expected to show that house prices rose 0.2% in July as thawing credit markets are underlining demand. Indeed, mortgage approvals are forecasted to rise to 47,000 from 43,400 in June which would be the highest since April, 2008 but still far below the ten year average of 97,000. The BoE lending report mortgage lending was showing sign of improving but that credit for consumers and businesses remains a challenge. The GBP/USD has been trading at the top of its recent range of 1.6000-1.6700 which could leave it susceptible to a move lower. However, we have seen solid near-term support from the 20-Day SMA at 1.6371, which is starting to converge with the 50-Day SMA at 1.6260- a level that has held since March.

Written by John Kicklighter, Ilya Spivak, John Rivera and David Song, Currency Analysts
Article Source – Forex Trading Weekly Forecast – 07.27.09

The US Dollar remained supported despite a sharp rally across Asian stock exchanges, diverging from risk trends on news the Treasury will sell a record $115 billion in bonds next week, boosting interest rate expectations and driving yield-seeking interest in the greenback. Germany’s IFO Survey and UK Gross Domestic Product data headline the calendar in European hours.

Key Overnight Developments

• US Dollar Supported as Stocks Surge with Treasury Sales to Boost Yields
• Euro, British Pound Consolidate at Familiar Levels in Overnight Trading

Critical Levels

The Euro traded sideways in Asian hours, oscillating in a narrow 30-pip range below 1.4170. The British Pound tried higher to test above 1.65 but prices retreated late into the session, yielding an effectively flat result ahead of the opening bell in Europe.

Asia Session Highlights

With no major market-moving data on the economic calendar, forex market consolidated near familiar levels in overnight trading hours. Interestingly, prices seemed to look past a sharp rally on Asian stock exchanges, a dynamic that over recent months has meant losses for the safety-linked US Dollar. A similar divergence was on display in New York hours, with the currencies shying away from breaking key levels even as risk appetite continued swell. The greenback may be seeing support as traders react to the US Treasury’s announcement that they will sell a record $115 billion in bonds next week. Treasuries declined as the news crossed the wires, with 10-year notes posting the largest daily loss in nearly seven weeks, sending yields to the highest level in a month. We have argued for some time that the US Dollar will benefit as the government issues debt to finance the rapidly growing public deficit: Treasury prices will head sharply lower as the market is flooded with new supply, putting tremendous upward pressure on the long-term interest rates. This will make USD-denominated assets attractive to yield-seeking investors, driving demand for the greenback.

Euro Session: What to Expect

Germany’s IFO Survey of business sentiment is expected to rise for the seventh consecutive month in July, pointing to continued improvement in firms’ 6-month economic outlook. Still, the reading is expected at 90.1, a print below the 100 “boom-bust” threshold, suggesting conditions are still deteriorating but at a slower pace. The Euro Zone Purchasing Manager Index is set follow a similar a similar trajectory, printing at 43.5 in July to show that the manufacturing sector shrank for the 14th consecutive month, albeit at the slowest rate since the metric hit a record low in February. Some recovery is to be expected as an array of fiscal packages from governments across the currency bloc filter into the broad economy, but the big question in the Euro area as well as most anywhere at this stage is whether growth is sustainable after stimulus cash dries up. As it stands, the latest economic forecast from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) reveals that the Euro Zone will stand apart from other industrialized economies in seeing economic growth continue to contract in 2010, pointing to a comparatively slower return to higher interest rates that will keep the Euro on the defensive against most major currencies.

In the UK, Gross Domestic Product is set to shrink -0.3% in the second quarter, a far smaller decline than the -2.4% lost in the three months through March and the smallest drop in a year. London-based think tank NIESR has forecast the moderation, saying “the U.K. economy is now stagnating rather than continuing to contract at a sharp pace.” Minutes from the last meeting of the Bank of England echoed the optimistic outlook, with policymakers saying risks to GDP have probably diminished and speculating that the economy may shrink less than was previously expected. Not everyone is as sanguine, however: the British Chamber of Commerce urged the BOE to add 25 billion pounds to their asset-buying scheme, saying a recovery is “not guaranteed”, a sentiment that has been echoed by the Shadow Monetary Policy Committee (a group of independent economists that meet at the London-based Institute of Economic Affairs). This makes today’s report critical to shaping the market’s expectations of future of monetary policy: traders will likely be less sensitive to a print in line with or better than what is expected, as this would only reinforce themes that have already been priced into the exchange rage; conversely, a disappointing outcome could weigh heavily on sterling as traders readjust their exposure to reflect a likely expansion of quantitative easing.

Written by Ilya Spivak, Currency Analyst
Article Source – US Dollar Supported as Stocks Surge with Treasury Sales to Boost Yields (Euro Open)

Plot the Japanese Yen against almost any “major” currency over the last few months (or few weeks for that matter) and you get a pretty consistent picture. Moreover, when you graph most Yen currency pairs against the S&P 500 (I like the AUD/JPY), the correlation is uncanny! Sure enough, it was reported recently that “Japan’s currency also fell the most in a week against the euro as futures on the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index rose 0.5 percent.”

This suggests that the main driver for the Yen is proximally, the demand for US equities, and ultimately, appetite for risk. “We’re seeing high-yielding currencies still rallying along with stock markets…The market is reverting to business as usual. That’s just spurring risk currencies forward,” explains one analyst. In other words, the carry trade is back, and investors are borrowing in the world’s cheapest currency (Japanese overnight interest rates are only .1%) and investing in higher-yielding alternatives. “There’s strong momentum behind this risk taking. You cannot keep your money in cash for zero returns unless you believe in deflation,” added a trader.

Experts on both sides of the Pacific Ocean are now encouraging their clients to short the Yen. “Japanese financial institutions are encouraging investors to put money into mutual funds focused on assets denominated in currencies such as the Turkish lira, South African rand and Brazilian real…Japanese investors were net buyers of 709.4 billion yen of overseas assets in the week ended July 11…” Goldman Sachs, meanwhile, has declared that the Yen is still overvalued, and “recommended investors use three-month forward contracts to sell the yen.”

There’s certainly some second-guessing taking place, especially with earnings season upon us. “Risk aversion is likely to stay prominent, given earnings announcements by companies including CIT. The bias is for haven currencies such as the yen to be bought,” insisted one analyst. In addition, Central Bank diversification has created some demand for the Yen and the Euro, but this is more of a Dollar-negative story than a Yen-positive story.

There are also signs that the Japanese economy is recovering, thanks to a pickup in exports. The fact that its economy remains so dependent on exports to drive growth certainly exacerbated the impact of the credit crisis. On the other hand, it could also magnify any recovery. “Japan’s merchandise trade surplus widened in June…to 508 billion yen ($5.42 billion) from 104.1 billion yen a year earlier. The nation’s trade performance appears to be improving, as the surplus was bigger than May’s 299.8 billion yen figure.”

Still, prices in Japan are falling (by 1.1% at last count), and there are strong concerns among economic officials that deflation could take hold. Accordingly, carry traders borrowing in Yen can rest easy, knowing that Japan is probably the least likely of any industrialized country to raise interest rates in the near-term.

The next rate-setting meeting of the European Central Bank (”ECB”) is rapidly approaching (August 3), and analysts are stepping up to offer their opinions on the direction of EU monetary policy. At its last meeting, on July 2, the ECB voted to hold rates at the current record-low level of 1%, and all indications are that the August meeting will yield the same result.

Despite getting off to a late start, the ECB has since moved adroitly to strike a balance in its monetary policy between inflation and growth. For those that insist that its rates are still too high – especially compared to the US and UK – the ECB can counter by arguing that this way it still has some scope to lower rates, if need be. “If a deflationary spiral does become entrenched, unlike most of the other major global economies, at least the European Central Bank still has some of the interest rate tool left to fall back on,” agrees one analyst.

The ECB can also refer critics to its overnight lending rate, which are 75 basis points lower than its main policy rate. “Before the crisis, the ECB would aim to keep overnight interest rates close to the refi rate. Since it moved to unlimited fixed-rate funding, the central bank has been content to allow the overnight rate to drift much lower than the policy rate.” It is at this refinancing rate that it recently lent out a record €442 billion to banks and other financial institutions.

While the ECB “has had one eye on the exit since the start of the crisis,” it nonetheless appears to be in no hurry to hike rates – neither its overnight nor its refi rate. Jean-Claude Trichet himself has said, “The current rates are appropriate.” He even refused to rule out the possibility that rates could even fall further before policy is tightened.

According to a Bloomberg survey of economists, this won’t happen for at least a year – the fourth quarter of 2010 to be specific. After all, inflation has touched a record low of -.1%. The Eurozone economy contracted by a record 4.5% last quarter. Private sector lending growth has fallen to a record low of 1.8%. All in all, not exactly the right environment for a rate hike. There is at least one vocal inflation hawk on the governing board of the ECB who is arguing for preemptive rate hikes, but for now at least he has been silenced. “Economists at Barclays in London have forecast that Europe’s policy makers won’t begin raising rates until late 2011.”

The forex markets, meanwhile, appear to be indifferent to this whole debate, concerned not about Eurozone growth, inflation, low interest rates, not to mention political uncertainties and trade deficits. The Euro has resumed its upward rise against the Dollar, begun in March, and may not slow down until the Fed starts to tighten monetary policy.

The USD is set for another volatile action-packed trading day as this weeks’ trading comes to a close. The Dollar saw sharp moves against the EUR, GBP and JPY yesterday. This type of behavior is set to continue today as vital economic news is set to come out of the U.S. The economic events that are set to lead the forex market are the publication of U.S. Revised UoM Consumer Sentiment at 13:55 GMT, Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke’s Testimony and Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner’s speech on U.S. economic recovery both at 14:30 GMT.

USD – Dollar Rallies vs. Yen on Economic Recovery Hopes

The U.S. Existing Home sales notched a 3rd monthly rise in June, and prices hit their highest since October. This fueled hopes the housing sector is finally on the mend, and many analysts hope this will help propel a broader economic recovery. According to analysts, the data suggests that the U.S housing sector is beginning to stabilize. This is a necessary component for a more meaningful U.S. recovery, and hence a stronger USD in the long term.

The U.S. Dollar soared against the Japanese Yen yesterday, due to the U.S. housing data. The USD rose 1.2% to as high as 95.30 vs. the JPY on Thursday. However, the pair finished trading at the 94.63 level. Against the EUR, the Dollar traded near a 7 week low at $1.4292, the weakest level since June 3. The pair finished trading much lower at the 1.4162 level. This was despite the greenback falling in early trading as the U.S. stock-index futures advanced on speculation that the worst of the recession may be over, prompting investors to purchase higher-yielding assets.

A number of analysts cautioned that the rally in risk sentiment on Thursday could be short-lived, as sentiment remains fragile and markets are probably quite near to seeing risk aversion returning to the forefront. This will be clearer to forex traders today, as 3 vital economic events are set to take pace in the U.S. These include the Revised UoM Consumer Sentiment at 13:55 GMT, Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke’s testimony at 14:30 GMT and Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner’s speech on the economy also at 14:30 GMT.

EUR – EUR Hits 7 Week High Against the U.S Dollar

The European currency made gains against the U.S Dollar in early trading after data on U.S. jobless claims in the latest week came broadly in line with expectations. However, this was short lived, as the U.S. housing data was very optimistic, resulting in the pair closing far lower at the 1.4162 level. The EUR also fell against the GBP to the 0.8589 level as confidence returned to the British currency. However, the EUR/JPY pair was unchanged as demand for the safe-haven JPY fell yesterday.

The British Pound traded near the highest level this month against the USD, as advances in retail sales and mortgage approvals prompted speculation the recession in Britain is abating. In turn, this leads economists to the conclusion leading to speculation that the Bank of England (BOE) will increase its Interest Rate. The Bank of England reduced the main Interest Rate to a record low 0.5% in March. The Sterling also gained for a 2nd day against the EUR and the Yen as a government report showed Retail Sales increased last month at 4 times the pace forecast by economists.

There is much data coming out of Britain and the Euro-Zone today that is expected to determine the GBP and EUR crosses, as this week’s trading comes to a close. From Britain, the Prelim GDP and Index of services figures are set to be published at 08:30 GMT. From the Euro-Zone, the German Ifo Business Climate and Flash Manufacturing PMI are set to be released at 08:00 GMT. Forex traders are also advised to follow U.S. economic news too, as the market is set to be very volatile throughout the day.

JPY – Yen Loses Ground Amid Economic Recovery Hopes

The Japanese currency fell against the U.S Dollar and the GBP on Thursday, paring losses made the previous day. The JPY hit its lowest level in more than 2 weeks against the Dollar on Thursday, and a 3 week low against the EUR as traders in Asia sold Yen in anticipation of outflows from Japanese investors. The Yen also dropped versus the Swedish Krona and Norwegian Krone yesterday as Japanese financial companies prepared to raise at least 700 billion Yen ($7.42 billion) for funds that will be invested globally.

Much of The Japanese currency’s decline came about after the Finance Ministry said the contraction in the nation’s exports slowed to 35.7% in June from a year earlier. Japan’s trade data however provided hard evidence that the global economy is now on the mend, analysts stated. As the risk sentiment improves on the back of receding wariness about the prospects of the global economy, the Yen may weaken further against higher-yielding currencies.

Crude Oil – Crude Oil Eyes $67 a Barrel

The Crude Oil prices rose above $66 a barrel Thursday, ending at the highest level in 3 weeks at the $66.88 level. This came about as U.S. home sales data lifted stock markets and raised hopes for an economic recovery. Oil advanced 2.7% after the National Association of Realtors said home resales increased in June for a 3rd consecutive month.

Crude has risen in 6 of the recent 7 trading sessions. The rally came even after U.S petroleum data continued to show weak demand and rising inventories. Crude Oil and other commodities have tracked equity markets in recent months as analysts seek signs of a better economic outlook after the downturn cut world energy demand for the first time in a quarter of a century.

Article Source – Dollar Trading To Be Dominated By Bernanke and Geithner Testimony

Witnessing a steady decline during yesterday’s trading sessions, the USD became weakened as traders unwound their Dollar buy positions in exchange for riskier assets, such as stocks. The global stock market rally seen yesterday may have been one of the leading causes of the Dollar’s depreciation. With recent market optimism, traders may continue to see a small downward trend in the U.S. Dollar, as its positions are unwound in exchange for higher yielding assets.

USD – Dollar Outlook Remains Weak

The USD continued its decline against the EUR, as well as other risk sensitive currencies on Wednesday. However, the overall direction of the market was subdued due to unsteady equity markets. While the Dollar sentiment is bearish, the EUR seems unable to really take off. On Wednesday, the Dollar index was at 78.745, down from 78.920 on Tuesday

Strong performances from the stock markets continue to put downward pressure on the Dollar, as investors move to riskier higher yielding assets. Furthermore, the Dollar outlook suffers from concerns over U.S monetary policy. With growing uncertainty about the framework of the monetary and fiscal policies, particularly in light of the proposed health care reform, the outlook on the Dollar looks very weak despite the Fed’s and Treasury’s assurances.

Looking ahead to today, several important news releases are expected from the U.S, including the Unemployment Claims at 12:30 GMT and the Existing Home Sales at 14:00 GMT. These indicators are very important since they are leading indicators of economic health and tend to create great market volatility.

EUR – EUR Rises on Weaker Dollar

The EUR experienced a moderate rise against the Dollar and Yen yesterday. Late Wednesday, the EUR was at $1.4211 from $1.4197 late Tuesday and at ¥132.96 from ¥133.01. The Pound depreciated 0.3% to 153.92 Yen, and traded at 86.41 pence versus the EUR. The British Pound also appreciated slightly versus the Dollar, trading at $1.6463 from $1.6436.

The Pound’s drop against the EUR came after the National Institute of Economic and Social Research stated that home values will resume their decline. The institute also predicted Gross Domestic Product (GDP) will shrink by 0.4% in the second quarter, slightly worse the 0.3% expected by economists. Also putting downward pressure on the Pound were losses in equities throughout the trading day.

While no major news releases are expected from the Euro-Zone today, traders should follow the release of British Retail Sales that is due at 8:30 GMT. As this is a leading indicator of economic activity, it is likely to cause great volatility for the GBP pairs.

Yen – Yen Benefits from Stock Market Losses

The Yen gained for a fourth day against the Dollar, and for a second day against the EUR yesterday following a larger than expected second-quarter loss by Morgan Stanley, as well as a statement by Wells Fargo & Co. stating that bad loans jumped. The Yen traded at 132.87 per EUR from 133.18 and at 93.56 versus the Dollar from 93.68 yesterday.

With reports from CIT Group Inc. and American Express Co., risk aversion today will likely stay prominent as the expectation is for weak earnings announcements. As the Yen is highly sensitive to moves in the equity markets, any negative earnings reports will revive risk aversion among investors and push them toward the safety of the Japanese currency. The Yen may also rise today ahead of the U.S Unemployment Claims report which is expected to show an increase in claims.

Crude Oil – Oil Prices Slide on Disappointing Inventories Report

Crude Oil for September delivery settled down 21 cents, or 0.3%, at $65.40 a barrel Wednesday, snapping a five-day rally following the release of slightly worse than expected U.S Oil inventories. However, losses were limited due to a weak Dollar and equity gains.

With inventories remaining high and OPEC members not sticking to quotas, there is still too much supply and not enough demand. While rising equity markets and a weak Dollar continue to push Oil prices up, the fundamentals are still weak and do not supports another rally to the $70 price level. Furthermore, any negative news from the stock market, or signs of a faltering economic recovery might send Oil back to the $60 level.

Article Source – Global Stock Rally Dominates USD Trading

The British Pound is likely to look past an upswing in Retail Sales and a continued rebound in Home Loans data to fall in with trends in risk appetite as another round of key earnings reports crosses the wires in European hours. Japan’s trade surplus expanded for the third month in June as imports continued to tumble.

Key Overnight Developments

• Japanese Trade Surplus Grows as Imports Continue to Tumble
• Euro, British Pound Little Changed Despite Overnight Stock Gains

Critical Levels

The Euro tested below 1.42 and rebounded as high as 1.4243 but stands little changed ahead of the opening bell in Europe. The British Pound followed a similar dynamic, oscillating around the 1.6470 level.

Asia Session Highlights

Japan’s Merchandise Trade Balance surplus expanded for the third consecutive month, rising to 508 billion yen in June from 298.2 billion in May. We argued the likelihood of such an outcome in our Japanese Yen weekly forecast, noting that the abysmal job market will surely continue to weigh on imports. Indeed, inbound shipments tumbled -41.9% from a year before while exports shed -35.7%. More of the same is likely in the months ahead as unemployment continues to push higher: a survey of economists conducted by Bloomberg suggests the jobless rate surpassed 5% in the second quarter and will approach the 6% mark by the second half of 2010 while minutes from the last meeting of the Bank of Japan revealed policymakers expect consumption to remain weak as “the employment and income situation [is] likely to become increasingly severe”.

Euro Session: What to Expect

UK Retail Sales are set to swing back into positive territory in June, growing at an annualized rate of 2.1% after shrinking -1.6% in the year to May, the most in 17 years. A rebound in retail spending seems to bolster expectations from NIESR, a closely watched London-based think thank, that forecast the economy probably shrank just -0.4% in the second quarter, the smallest drop in a year. NIESR has argued that “the U.K. economy is now stagnating rather than continuing to contract at a sharp pace.” Notably, the apparent signs of stabilization may not translate into meaningful gains for the British Pound. Retail sales figures have exhibited extraordinary volatility since the beginning of this year: annualized receipts grew 2.6% in January, dropped -1.5% in February, then gained 0.9% and 2.7% in the following two months before plunging again in May. This suggests traders will be wary of taking even a sharp improvement at face value, waiting for a discernable trend to be established. Cues from the labor market seem to point to subdued retail activity for the time being, with the jobless rate to approach 9% by the end of next year for the first time since 1994, trimming disposable incomes and weighing on spending.

Separately, BBA Loans for House Purchases will probably continue to rebound in June, extending a move higher that began after the metric set a record low in November 2008. The metric closely tracks the GfK measure of consumer confidence; indeed, indeed, 24-month rolling studies show the two are 96.6% correlated. Consumer confidence rose to a 14-month high in June, suggesting the BBA report will follow.

On balance, risk trends are likely to remain as the primary driver of forex price action. A number of notable earnings releases are on tap in European hours: ABB Ltd, the world’s largest maker of electricity grids, and Cie. de Saint-Gobain SA, Europe’s top supplier of construction materials, are set to report that profits fell by a staggering 42% and 83% respectively in the second quarter. Credit Suisse, Switzerland’s largest bank by market value, may help support shares in the Financials sector with expectations calling for the second consecutive quarter of profits driven by trading revenue.

Written by Ilya Spivak, Currency Analyst
Article Source – British Pound to Look Past Retail Sales, Home Loans Data to Trade on Risk Appetite (Euro Open)